Which of the following laws are adopted by Congress and have been passed by state legislatures?

Statutory laws are those that are enacted by legislative bodies, which includes both Congress at the federal level and state legislatures at the state level. These laws are formally written and codified, establishing regulations or rules that govern various aspects of society, including fire protection and emergency services. Once a statute is proposed, debated, and passed by the appropriate legislative body, it is then signed into law and becomes enforceable.

Administrative laws are typically created by government agencies based on powers granted to them by statutory laws but do not originate directly from Congress or state legislatures. Case laws are developed through judicial decisions made in courts, interpreting statutes and the Constitution rather than being passed directly as laws. Municipal laws are laws enacted by local governmental entities, such as cities or towns, and while they may be influenced by statutory laws, they are not the result of actions taken by state or federal legislatures. Thus, statutory laws represent the direct output of legislative bodies, making this choice the most accurate in the context of the question.