__________ training programs teach skills such as handling ladders, extinguishers, hand and power tools, and hose lays.

Preservice training programs are designed to equip trainees with foundational skills and knowledge before they begin their actual duties in the field. This type of training covers essential skills required for fire protection and emergency services, such as handling ladders, extinguishers, hand and power tools, and hose lays. By participating in these programs, recruits learn in a structured environment where they can practice and demonstrate competency in these vital skills without the immediate pressures of real-life emergencies.

In contrast, in-service training generally occurs after a firefighter has completed their initial training and is intended for the ongoing development of skills and knowledge. On-the-job training refers to learning that takes place while performing job duties, which may not focus on all the foundational skills initially. Supplemental training, on the other hand, usually serves as an enhancement or continuation of training already completed, rather than the primary introduction to essential skills. Thus, the preservice training is specifically aimed at preparing individuals for their responsibilities in fire protection and emergency services right from the start.